Water Cycle

Water is critical for all life on our planet. Water moves through the earth system, not only in flowing rivers but as a continual cycle of evaporation, rain and snow. Our ocean covers more than 70% of earth’s surface. So, it is not surprising that ocean plays a driving role in the global water cycle. Patterns of ocean salinity can be used to understand water cycle trends.

Water Cycle

Water is critical for all life on our planet. Water moves through the earth system, not only in flowing rivers but as a continual cycle of evaporation, rain and snow. Our ocean covers more than 70% of earth’s surface. So, it is not surprising that ocean plays a driving role in the global water cycle. Patterns of ocean salinity can be used to understand water cycle trends.

Did you know that 85% of Earth's evaporation and 77% of precipitation occurs over the ocean?

Water cycle patterns – which result in deserts and rain forests on land – also impact our ocean. Maps of soil moisture and sea surface salinity reveal parallels: along some latitudes, land deserts line up with areas of high ocean salinity and rain forests line up with areas of low ocean salinity.

Studies reveal that a warming climate leads to an intensification of the water cycle. What does that mean? Dry areas are getting drier and wet areas are getting wetter. In the ocean, low salinity – or "fresh" areas – are getting fresher and salty areas are getting saltier. Although such changes may seem remote, it is important to know that the ocean has a large influence on weather systems that impact our daily lives. And thanks to sea surface salinity sensors onboard satellites, we can better understand water cycle changes over most of Earth's surface.

Did you know that 85% of Earth's evaporation and 77% of precipitation occurs over the ocean?

Water cycle patterns – which result in deserts and rain forests on land – also impact our ocean. Maps of soil moisture and sea surface salinity reveal parallels: along some latitudes, land deserts line up with areas of high ocean salinity and rain forests line up with areas of low ocean salinity.

Studies reveal that a warming climate leads to an intensification of the water cycle. What does that mean? Dry areas are getting drier and wet areas are getting wetter. In the ocean, low salinity – or "fresh" areas – are getting fresher and salty areas are getting saltier. Although such changes may seem remote, it is important to know that the ocean has a large influence on weather systems that impact our daily lives. And thanks to sea surface salinity sensors onboard satellites, we can better understand water cycle changes over most of Earth's surface.

How Does the Water Cycle Connect the Land and Ocean?

Observations of salinity and soil moisture help us see patterns of how the water cycle connects the land and the ocean (Source: Akiko Hayashi, NASA JPL)

How can the Ocean have "Wet" and "Dry" Areas?

When evaporation is greater than precipitation on land those areas become increasingly dry. In the ocean, those areas (red) become increasingly salty. Similarly, areas with more precipitation are wetter on land and less salty in the ocean (blue). (Learn more)

How Does the Water Cycle Connect the Land and Ocean?

Observations of salinity and soil moisture help us see patterns of how the water cycle connects the land and the ocean (Source: Akiko Hayashi, NASA JPL)

How can the Ocean have "Wet" and "Dry" Areas?

When evaporation is greater than precipitation on land those areas become increasingly dry. In the ocean, those areas (red) become increasingly salty. Similarly, areas with more precipitation are wetter on land and less salty in the ocean (blue). (Learn more)

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